What is Hepatitis ?
Hepatitis is swelling and inflammation of the liver. The term is often used to refer to a viral infection of the liver.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Hepatitis can be caused by:- Immune cells in the body attacking the liver and causing autoimmune hepatitis
- Infections from viruses (such as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C), bacteria, or parasites
- Liver damage from alcohol, poisonous mushrooms, or other poisons
- Medications, such as an overdose of acetaminophen, which can be deadly
Other causes include Wilson's disease (excess copper deposits in the body).
Symptoms
Hepatitis may start and get better quickly (acute hepatitis), or cause long-term disease (chronic hepatitis). In some instances, it may lead to liver damage, liver failure, or even liver cancer.How severe hepatitis is depends on many factors, including the cause of the liver damage and any illnesses you have. Hepatitis A, for example, is usually short-term and does not lead to chronic liver problems.
The symptoms of hepatitis include:
- Abdominal pain or distention
- Breast development in males
- Dark urine and pale or clay-colored stools
- Fatigue
- Fever, usually low-grade
- General itching
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Weight loss
Signs and tests
You will have a physical exam to look for:- Enlarged and tender liver
- Fluid in the abdomen (ascites)
- Yellowing of the skin
- Abdominal ultrasound
- Autoimmune blood markers
- Hepatitis virus serologies
- Liver function tests
- Liver biopsy to check for liver damage
- Paracentesis if fluid is in your abdomen
Treatment
Your doctor will talk to you about treatment options. Treatments will vary depending on the cause of your liver disease. Your doctor may recommend a high-calorie diet if you are losing weight.Support Groups
There are support groups for people with all types of hepatitis. These groups can help you learn about the latest treatments and how to cope with having the disease.Expectations (prognosis)
The outlook for hepatitis will depend on what is causing the liver damage.Complications
- Liver cancer
- Liver failure
- Permanent liver damage, called cirrhosis
- Esophageal varices that can bleed
- Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (fluid in the abdomen that becomes infected)
Calling your health care provider
Seek care immediately if you:- Have symptoms from too much acetaminophen or other medicines -- you may need to have your stomach pumped
- Vomit blood
- Have bloody or tarry stools
- Are confused or delirious
- You have any symptoms of hepatitis or believe that you have been exposed to hepatitis A, B, or C.
- You cannot keep food down due to excessive vomiting. You may need to receive nutrition through a vein (intravenously).
- You feel sick and have travelled to Asia, Africa, South America, or Central America.
Prevention
Talk to your doctor about vaccination for hepatitis A and hepatitis B.Lifestyle measures for preventing spread of hepatitis B and C from one person to another include:
•Avoid sharing personal items, such as razors or toothbrushes.
•Do not share drug needles or other drug equipment (such as straws for snorting drugs).
•Clean blood spills with a solution containing 1 part household bleach to 9 parts water.
•Be careful when getting tattoos and body piercings.
To reduce your risk of spreading or catching hepatitis A:
•Always wash your hands thoroughly after using the restroom and when you come in contact with aninfected person's blood, stools, or other bodily fluid.
•Avoid unclean food and water.
Categories:
Hepatitis,
What is A Hepatitis ?
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